Mechanics? Vaguely recall some, but can't place a mental finger on them right now...
In-game, there is IS Form 8.
In RL, hex style maps are useful for data binning and hexes exhibit less distortion (angular and scaling) for equal-area projections, than squares, on a curved surface. From a data-mining standpoint, distorted hex mapping can be quite useful - see
http://www.pyxisinnovation.com/derm.php. Unintentionally, traveller's hex mapping of an icosahedral projection is a nice simplification of this modern, computer driven, mapping - so, IMO, it fits very nicely with the Sci-Fi theme.
Two-dimensionally, a hex also approximates a circle - like that encompassed by a limited range sensor - much better than a square.
That said, I'm typically amused by the notion (in general - not speaking specifically to your post) that Traveller is 'hard sci-fi' or should be 'realistic' by exactly mimicking RL in every detail - in point of fact, I find 'foreign' concepts of things we take for granted, much more believable. Hex mapping a planet is something a space faring, computer dependent, society - one that sees planets in their true form, rather than as a flat plane - is more likely to do, IMO. So, while it can be a PITA - especially from a hobby programming standpoint - it is 'sci-fi cool' and something classically associated with Traveller.