The object must be bigger than the jumping ship, though how much bigger is not entirely clear.
T5 makes it explict that ANYTHING bigger triggers it, not just worlds.
There's a reference somewhere in MT about it as well.
CT says :
Misjump: Each time the ship engages in a jump, throw 13+ for a misjump: Apply the following DMs: +Iif using unrefined fuel (and not equipped to do so), +5 if within 100 planetary diameters of a world, +I5 if within 10 planetary diameters of a world. If the result is 16+, then the ship is destroyed.
JTAS 22, p27-28,
From Port To Jump Point, by Leroy Guatney, notes:
The presence of mass disturbs the local space-time continuum in such a way as to have an effect upon the injection into or out of jumpspace. This is true of bodies in size from starships and up to and including stars. If a pilot or navigator is not cautious, a rnis&rnp may result from close proximity to a massive object. Since this hyper-dimensional physics construct is based upon mass, the extrama of the jumpspace function fall to simple diameter ranges in which it is safer to enter jwmpspace. The thumbnail rule is, a body can not affect n jump when made from beyond 100 of that body's diameters.
T5 concurs with Mr. Guatney, noting the absolute destruction of a smaller object when a larger jumps from within 100 of the larger's diameters... Mr. Guatney merely implied some effect.
In JTAS 24, Marc writes, in
Jumpspace, p34:
Entering jump is possible anywhere, but the perturbing effects of gravity make it impractical to begin a jump within a gravity field of more than certain specific limits based on size, density, and distance. The general rule of thumb is a distance of at least 100 diameters out from a world or star (including a safety margin), and ships generally move away from worlds and stars before beginning a jump.
The perturbing effects of gravity preclude a ship from exiting jump space within the same distance. When ships are directed
to exit jump space within a gravity field, they are precipitated out of jump space at the edge of the field instead.
Note that Marc appears to have come to agree with Leroy... So, it's not whole cloth. (Note: I had JTAS 22 back in the 80's in dead tree. I didn't have JTAS 24, nor BOJTAS 4, until much later - mid 90's.)