• Welcome to the new COTI server. We've moved the Citizens to a new server. Please let us know in the COTI Website issue forum if you find any problems.
  • We, the systems administration staff, apologize for this unexpected outage of the boards. We have resolved the root cause of the problem and there should be no further disruptions.

"Ocean Planets"

This might be a bit theoretical, but this paper presents the possibility of "ocean planets" and just might revive the possibility of a form of water world:

http://cips.berkeley.edu/events/seminars2005_2006/leger.pdf

It does seem very possible that a large world with an exotic atmosphere (CO2, H2O vapor, N2) might have most of its hydrographics in the form of water. If some form of oxygen-producing life can take hold on such a world, who knows (there is a discussion about abiotic oxygen production)? It does appear that these worlds are quite massive, and would be quite hostile to human life (at least at sea level). Which raises a question: could this be a form of "Dense, High" atmosphere where at great heights the air might be breathable (if life did develop)?
 
Thanks for sharing this article, hydrozoa. I look forward to reading it later.
 
Why shouldn't a water world have oxygen in its atmosphere, is dirt required for this? I know most of the oxygen produced on Earth comes from its oceans, so if the Earth was all ocean, that would be so much more oxygen.
 
Maybe at sea level, the oxygen content is high enough to be mildly toxic, at least to unprotected humans.
 
Also recall the newly hypothesized Panthalassic world, which is a massive world with an abso-freaking-lutely gargantuan world ocean.

If rumors be true, it's a proto-gas giant which lost enough momentum upon formation to move inside the "Snowline" of a system before having quite enough mass to become a GG. Thus much of its gases coalesced into water, and its hydrogen or helium atmosphere blew away with the solar wind, leaving an atmosphere rich in CO2, O2, and N. Or is that N2?

It's totally covered in water. No dry land. The oceans are up to 100km deep. These planets are roughly 4 to 5 Earth masses.


EDIT Oh, I see that's what the article is talking about. Duh!

EDITx2 This could be roughly equivalent to a world in Traveller with a size of 12-13, perhaps atmosphere 4-9, and of course hydrographics A. Marc is considering the code 'Oc' to represent these worlds. (They're probably not candidates for mainworlds).

</font><blockquote>code:</font><hr /><pre style="font-size:x-small; font-family: monospace;">OceanWorld 0101 EC6A000-0 Oc</pre>[/QUOTE]
 
Why wouldn't people live on it? If you can live on the Moon, living on the surface of a big ocean should be no big deal.
 
Originally posted by Laryssa:
Why wouldn't people live on it? If you can live on the Moon, living on the surface of a big ocean should be no big deal.
I would think that gravity would have a lot to do with it. SURE, you can put grav plates on everything, but no matter what TL you are dealing with, it will get very expensive, very quickly. Floating cities are nice for the tourist trade and to make sure the Plebes know who is REALLY in charge, but to consider every single house, every single street etc, to be grav plated will not allow much for true economics of scale.

Size C would imply a surface gravity of about 1.5 assuming Earth Normal Density. Not very comfortable on a continuing basis. I would rather live that world's moon, which would make the moon the Main World, not the Ocean World. You could easily include this idea into any existing Traveller campaign by picking a smallish sized world and saying it orbits one of these Ocean Giants.
 
Fantastic article and many thanks for sharing hydrozoa !


Given, that those planet type is between rocky body planets and gas giants its perhaps a small step to decrease density a bit and surface gravity is well. Or make it a bit smaller...

What would disturb me most on a waterworld is the - errr - dymamic character of the material somethere beneath my feet.
Another interesting thing with waterworlds is, that the energy put into waves is kept in the water system, because there is no solid land to release it. So really think of the weather conditions on the SW Episode II waterworld...

Anyway high TL equipment could get along with that, but the outside is still unpleasant. Good setting for floating undersea cities..
 
Yes, but think about what the lack of a sea floor means.

First, any ecosystem would be dramatically different from anything we are used to seeing in an ocean. All of the ecosystems in our oceans depend on an ocean bottom. Without an ocean bottom, everything has to be free floating.

Second, you can't have the platforms of Kamino. Without an ocean floor, you have nothing to anchor the platforms to. The platforms would have to be completely freefloating, with all that implies.

So, while not necessarily obvious, terrestrial life could have significant problems living on such a world, irrespective of the gravity.
 
Originally posted by Plankowner:
</font><blockquote>quote:</font><hr />Originally posted by Laryssa:
Why wouldn't people live on it? If you can live on the Moon, living on the surface of a big ocean should be no big deal.
I would think that gravity would have a lot to do with it. SURE, you can put grav plates on everything, but no matter what TL you are dealing with, it will get very expensive, very quickly. Floating cities are nice for the tourist trade and to make sure the Plebes know who is REALLY in charge, but to consider every single house, every single street etc, to be grav plated will not allow much for true economics of scale.

Size C would imply a surface gravity of about 1.5 assuming Earth Normal Density. Not very comfortable on a continuing basis. I would rather live that world's moon, which would make the moon the Main World, not the Ocean World. You could easily include this idea into any existing Traveller campaign by picking a smallish sized world and saying it orbits one of these Ocean Giants.
</font>[/QUOTE]One of the erroneous assumptions of Traveller is assuming that all planets have the same density, and they don't. Saturn for example is less Dense than Water and has a gravity of around 1g more or less, if it had the same density as Earth, I think it would have a gravity of around 70g. This is one of the reasons why I include a separate gravity statistic in my UWP listings, I don't derive the gravity purely as a function of size as compared to Earth.

It just so happens that water is less dense than rock, if you can a planet where a significant portion of its makeup is water, you can have a planet that is less dense than Earth and which would have a lower surface gravity than what its size would be.

One way of thinking about a gas giant is as a fluid world. The gases as you go deeper into a gas giant's atmosphere actually become liquid when the pressure becomes thick enough. The planet Neptune is actually though to have an ocean of water deep under its atmosphere, oddly appropriate given its name. A water world can be though of as another type of gas giant.

Now if you have a certain type of gas giant, one with a breathable standard, or Dense atmosphere and a water mantel, you can actually have people living on a floating platform on the surface of the Ocean. The ocean would go down several thousand miles toward the core of the planet. You could not reach the core of this planet via submarine, because at a certain pressure water actually turns into a kind of ice, even at room temperature, this ice is denser than water but sill less dense than rock, so it would go down quite aways until it meets a rocky core of even denser material.

This "Gas Giant" has circulating ocean currents, and there is enough water volume in this to actually create a nagnetic field. If things are just right and the planet it proportionally made of the right material, you could have a planet with a gravity of 1.0 at the ocean's surface. If the planet's atmosphere is Dense High, you could still have microorganisms maintianing the atmosphere in a hot water ocean, and humans can establish a "cloud city" at a higher more temperate elevation where the atmosphere is breathable. This is the sort of gas giant that the Star Wars planet Bespin might be. A normal gas giant with a hydrogen-Helium atmosphere could not be breathable, but if the gas giant some how did not accumulate these gases yet somehow retained heavier gases, it could have a hydrogen-oxygen atmosphere. Escape velocity is a function of a planet's mass and diameter. if the Escape velocity is lower than the average molecular velocity of hydrogen gas at room temperature, then the hydrogen could have escaped. Its very important that this excess hydrogen escapes, because so long as hydrogen is around, you can't have free oxygen in the atmosphere, it will combine with hydrogen to form water and become part of the hydrosphere. So at some point in the planet's history, it must have lost all its excess free hydrogen so you can have free oxygen. Having retained helium is not such a proble since it is a noble gas.
 
Originally posted by daryen:
Yes, but think about what the lack of a sea floor means.

First, any ecosystem would be dramatically different from anything we are used to seeing in an ocean. All of the ecosystems in our oceans depend on an ocean bottom. Without an ocean bottom, everything has to be free floating.

Second, you can't have the platforms of Kamino. Without an ocean floor, you have nothing to anchor the platforms to. The platforms would have to be completely freefloating, with all that implies.

So, while not necessarily obvious, terrestrial life could have significant problems living on such a world, irrespective of the gravity.
All you really need are single celled plant life that float near the surface of the ocean and undergoe photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, and perhaps some free floating animal life to consume it for food, this will maintian a breathable atmosphere above the ocean's surface if things work out right. Plants draw most of their material from the air anyway, perhaps the plants on this world draw all their material from dissolved gases in the global ocean. So the ocean platforms aren't anchored to anything, it there any reason why they should be? No doubt it could maintian its position with engines and an GPS system if it wanted. Of most concern would be whether it changed latitude. As far as longitude goes, it can be permitted to go with the flow. The platform would be build like an oil platform, with floating pontoons held deep under the ocean's surface so it wouldn't be affected by wave action and then with long stilts attached to these floats that rise above the ocean's surface and support a platform with buildings, residences, and perhaps a starport on top. Such a structure would probably be kept near the planet's equator as this is the hurricane free zone of the planet. It rains plenty, and if you have enough of these platforms you can grow your own food, if you have a number of sunken platforms you could raise a colony of Earth fish if the water composition is just right, or you could genetically engineer the fish to adapt to the local salinity. I'm not sure whether the ocean of this planet would be salty at all. Certain materials from meteors might have dissolved in this water as they fell in. The ice mantle beneath the ocean would prevent water contact with the rocky core.
 
And, how would you have one of these worlds and not have an ocean floor? It has to have some kind of core to provide the gravity to keep the water in, don't it?
 
Not necessarily. A water world could grow by accretion in a water-rich, dust-poor protosystem and then acquire it's solid 'core' by later meteoric impact.

I doubt that such a world actually exists, however.
 
Gas Giants have solid cores too, its just that their mostly made up of hydrogen and helium, somewhere beneath all that atmosphere, the pressure increases up to a point where hydrogen liquifies. Jupiter can be thought of as an ocean planet, it is an ocean of liquid hydrogen surrounding a metallic hydrogen core surrounding a rocky body. Now if you take a gas giant, exchange its liquid hydrogen ocean for a water ocean and exchange its atmosphere for something alot thinner and more breathable then you have your ocean planet. Now water when compressed enough will solidify. Think of a large planet with the density of Titan surrounded by a mantle of liquid water and a standard atmosphere.
 
All in all, a water world of this type would be very rare, so much so that there may be significant reason to believe it an Ancient construct. As such, maybe there is something of interest at the core that maintains the hydrosphere and breathable atmosphere. There may even be transplanted species there to ensure the mechanism is not tampered with or works properly down thru the ages. Sorta reminds me of B5:Third Space and the squid monster in the gate machine.
 
Originally posted by robject:
</font><blockquote>code:</font><hr /><pre style="font-size:x-small; font-family: monospace;">OceanWorld 0101 EC6A000-0 Oc</pre>
[/quote]Wouldn't this be more like

</font><blockquote>code:</font><hr /><pre style="font-size:x-small; font-family: monospace;">OceanWorld 0101 XC6A000-0 Wa</pre>[/QUOTE]Since

1. we already have a trade code for waterworlds, and

2. the minimum starport infrastructure (if any) is going to be a class C orbital or floater, because at an overall 100km+ depth, the proverbial "marked outcropping of bedrock" is out of the question...
 
With TL13+ gravitics, a fusion power plant and an endless supply of hydrogen there is nothing you can’t do.

If floating cities become a possibility and grav systems can cancel out a 6G acceleration M drives then I say an artificial island of several square km is not out of the question. The only thing I would want to know is why build it apart from the coolness factor?

With no dry land to mine what are you gonna do there? I guess fishing and food production for asteroid colonies is a big possibility. Neat idea. Planet size C-D eh?
 
A neat idea. The rocky core could still be big enough for tectonic activity for a genuine carbon cycle.

Wide comfort zone, but the hurricanes would be brutal.

I notice how casually they talk about "planetary migration". Even ten years ago this got you relegated to the scientific looney bin. Velikovski
 
Yes, Uncle Bob, I've noticed. I've also noticed that the extrapolated masses and orbits of extrasolar planets imply more strongly that it occurs.
 
Well, we might actually have the technology to set up platforms now, using nothing more complicated than humble concrete and air turbines.

Getting them there, sorting the concrete out, etc, are different kettles of fish altogether.

The guys at www.floatinc.com seem to have come up with a version of the idea.
 
Back
Top