Pretty much exactly the same thing happens in Eclipse Phase. A group of military AIs called TITANS gain sentience, start upgrading themselves, turn on humanity and kill most of it off. And the real baddy, the Exsurgent Virus is a super advanced alien 'virus' with multiple vectors. It can be biological, informational, nanotechnological, whatever it needs to get the job done.
I think there is stuff we could do with the Star Viking Campaign. Split it off from Traveller, if you want, but the idea of people taking civilisation back to the stars at the point of a gun in the wake of a singularity gone bad is actually pretty fresh still.
I went and looked at Eclipse Phase, not bad, but it didn't do what TNE did which was to alienate it's fanbase by representing itself as something it really wasn't. It was a poor business strategy, customers want to be not only satisfied, but delighted, which TNE did neither; but that is what you get when you have creative types trying to do business.
The trillions dying seemed just for shock value, there really wasn't a plausible reason for why it all happened. It doesn't have a historical precedent, if in danger, people migrate away from the danger, like in warzones; and for every measure, there is a countermeasure. It beggars belief that trillions of people could not find a solution, esp a society of over 1100 worlds and very high tech.
There were some cool things, and plenty of blah, it did totally change Traveller, all the big ships were gone and now one just fought a ubiquitous enemy of a computer virus, just too one dimensional; original Travelller was much more open. As a matter of fact you could run Eclipse Phase straight into Traveller, as it is just one world.
Nobody is stopping anybody from developing more TNE stuff, but as far as all the user generated content I find for Traveller on the internet, easily over 2/3rds is CT based. Just to show where the fanbase is, from a business sense, that would be where the money is, but from a personal sense, people should just do what makes them happy.