I've always imagined that ablat is specifically black and matte to the naked eye. Raw ablat is a powder that looks like very black coal dust or soot. It is, however, very light weight for a given volume. This raw powder form is the most effective against lasers. The grains absorb a tremendous amount of energy (for their size) and can do it very quickly as they want to vaporize. This is what makes ablat effective.
In this powder form, it's messy, not very useful as armor, and an inhalation hazard (including your lungs - it can cause a variety of 'brown lung' diseases if inhaled over time like most fine particles). Typically, it is mixed with some sort of bonding agent. The nature of the bonding agent determines how easy it is to work with, how durable it is to wear-and-tear (without turning back into a powder), as well as determining any qualities that give it some effectiveness against other kinds of attack. For instance, to make it useful against bullets, it is typically worked into some ballistic cloth or is foamed with a resin binder.
The most effective (and available earliest) types of ablat tend to be in hard shapes, like tiny plates, scales, and so on. These scales are then fashioned into armor that looks like scale mail. The material is easy to work with and reasonably easy to repair. It does have issues with flexibility and armoring joints, however. As technology increases, it becomes possible to coat threads with the ablat material, which can then be woven into a kind of cloth; it's less effective than plates of ablat, but it's much easier to wear, especially on joints.
Ablat can also be field-applied to vehicles in a kind of air-curing paste that is simply slathered onto vehicles from a tub of the material and worked with a putty knife then allowed to dry. Typically this is done for light vehicles that might come under light laser fire. Larger pre-formed bricks of the material (more effective against larger, more powerful lasers) can also be fitted onto vehicles; the paste can be used to repair such vehicle installations as well as ablat "scale" armor.