McPerth, I agree that there should be some more definition of hull damage that could lead to permanent incapacity. I understand Mongoose Traveller has a Structural Capacity stat for ships, that can be reduced by hull hits; if it goes to zero, the ship has come apart, game over.
At the same time, I don't like the idea that the PC's ship could, by lucky dice roll, get destroyed, ending the campaign because they were all aboard at the time.
Neither do I, and that's not what I intended to say. If the PCs ship (or any other, or what's worth) comes apart due to cummulative (non critical) damage (as can happen in MgT), I'd asume it is falling apart, but not a large explosion that kills everybody. There could well be time to evacuate it.
It must not be a catastrophic explosion, just that it is too damaged for any repairs to be worth of conducting.
My historical comparison comes without citation, but I seem to recall that during the Napoleonic period, it was far more common for a ship to be damaged & captured once it was immobile. Then the captors patched it up and put it back into service with a new crew. Since most cannon shots were above the water line, sinking a ship by holing the hull was difficult, and often not the point. Even bashed up, a ship that needs repair is cheaper and faster than a ship built from the keel up. Not hard to imagine that smaller poorer worlds or pocket empires would love to get a steeply discounted, if harshly used, battleship.
You're right, though neither I have precise data handy. In Napoleonic times, most ships striked their culours once were no longer combat worthy (and some times not even sail worthy). only fires and magazine explosions (usually due to those same fires) destroyed them outright, but even in the case of fires there was usually time to evacuate them.
According a quick look to wikipedia, in Trafalgar were over 60 SOLs fought, only the French ship Achilles, was lost due to explosion, 20 ships were captured, of wich 2 were recaptured, 3 reached port and were recomissioned as British and 15 were lost when trying to reach port as prizes.
So, I see it even as an argument for my POV, as most ships lost were lost outright (not able to be repaired), though most of them not by criticals, and there was time to evacuate them. By assuming Trafalgar's numbers to traveller would be one ship lost by criticals, 5 heavily damaged but eparaible (3 by the victor, 2 recaptured by their crews or allies before being recomissioned) and 15 lost due to cummulative damage, though not in catastrophic event.