If you consider each turret on a battleship as a large bay, they were basically Big bay ships.No real world equivalent of the spinal mount exists..Unless you count Scwher Gustav
Actually, yes, there is. Two models in the Wet Navy side, 1 in the aircraft side.
Wet Navy: the 1 man and 2 man 2-torpedo mini-subs...
Aircraft side, the long-barreled 30mm vulcan on the A-10.
As for big ships, we have to go back to age of sail for spinal weapons - specifically, the ram. Or in one case, the 1 ton trebuchet on a galleon (which would have rolled too far over if fired sideways).
And the Trident Submarine's missile bay - the ship had to be designed around that bay; the trident missile itself set the diameter of the boomer.
The irony is that, in the real world, spinals are how you mount big ship weapons on small ships; it's only in space opera that it tends to go the other way. (Tho', in the case of certain franchises, many superweapons are also spinal designs. See also Death Star and Interdictor in Star Wars.)
Edit: There was also a plan for a ship with a rail-cannon like the Schwere Gustav on a naval hull, but it's one of the many "never got out of the planning bureau, probably due to laughter" designs the Nazis had.
Also - in tanks - WWII and onward - many heavy artillery pieces had too much recoil to be turret mounted; they were in elevation carriages with VERY limited side to side traverse. Likewise rocket carriers...
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