Hi,
Actually its my understanding that freezing in space is a problem.
If the hull were ruptured or damaged and one of the internal spaces of the ship is vented to vacuum then that space will begin to drop in temperature and systems moving though those systems will likely be compromised in their usability.
For reference this site ( http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5532&page=27 ) notes that with respect to micrometeoroid impacts on a space station "Such perforations typically are accompanied by rapid temperature changes and a decrease in air pressure, which can cause an internal fog."
Additionally, the site "Human Exposure to Vacuum" notes that "If a decompression occurs, temperature will be reduced rapidly."
http://www.geoffreylandis.com/vacuum.html
Once a damaged space decompresses (to more or less a near vacuum) it will be at a lower temperature than the rest of the "non-decompressed" sections of the ship and while heat will flow from the 'non-decompressed' sections of the ship to the 'decompressed section through the shared walls and decks between the two, the lack of an atmosphere will prevent the temperature in the decompressed section from ever reaching the temperature of the rest of the ship (as I understand it).
With respect to thermal insulation and such, in the books "Space Stations - Systems and Utilization" and "Space Vehicle Design" the authors of those books both discuss the thermal control of space stations and space ships noting that typically these type vehicles/structures would contain both Active and Passive systems to address the thermal differences between the inside of the craft which typically be at a temperature suitable for human use and the outside of such craft which may alternate between being exposed to direct sunlight to being in the shadow of Earth (or any other such planet etc).
These books indicate that these passive systems would typically consist of things like Multi-Layer Insulation (consisting of stuff like alternating layers of aluminized mylar and netting to form a gap between the mylar), paint and other types of coating, shielding, and insulating washers to prevent/limit the ability of items attached to the hull from one side from providing an easy path for heat to travel to the other side (such as allowing the heat inside the ship to travel through the hull and insulation to the outside of the ship or allowing the radiate heat that may be striking the hull to bypass the hull and insulation to the inside of the craft).
As an example, as noted in the "Space Stations" book that I referenced above "due to the different illumination cases from the Sun, the incidenting radiation induces varying temperatures from -160 deg C up to +125 deg C at the vehicle surface..." while a lot of the stuff within a space station (including the personnel) typically will require an internal temperature of about 20 deg C +/- 5 deg C.
Because of this, the external hull of a craft or station operating in Earth orbit will be designed to address the wide potential temperature variations from the internal side of the craft to the outside surface of the craft, while internal insulation and such between inner zones of such a craft would likely be much lesser, since the variation between internal spaces is likely much less (though perhaps the structure between say machinery spaces and non machinery spaces or between tankage and non tankage spaces may likely be better insulated than for that between other spaces).
For a ship in space away from Earth, but at the same orbital distance from the Sun, it will be receiving the same amount of direct sunlight (but not the energy that may be reflected off the Earth onto the craft). As such though, the temperature of the craft pointed toward the Sun (or a similar star) will likely be subjected to high temperatures similar to the high temperature that a craft orbiting Earth may see on the sunlit side of its orbit, while the side away from the sunlight/starlight would likely be at a much lower (shaded) temperature.
In addition while in deeper space, further away from the Sun/star lesser radiation will likely impact the ship and hence the "incidenting radiation" (to use the term from the book I referenced above) induced temperatures will likely be much lower than when closer to the star.
On a Traveller type ship, I kind of assume that the relatively thick structure typically shown for the outer hull likely serves not only as 'structure and protection against micro-meteoroids' and such but also likely serves to help insulate and provide thermal protection between the inside and outside of the ship. Because internal structure is typically shown a bit thinner and the temperature differences between the various internal spaces is not likely as great as the temperature difference between the typical internal temperatures and those that the outside of the ship may be expected to see.
As such, the deck and bulkhead surfaces between those spaces exposed to vacuum and those still intact will also have a temperature gradient across them and thus the venting of one space will likely lead to temperature drops in adjacent spaces as well.
Beyond this too though is also the potential for a situation where, if a rupture in the hull is large enough, then the "incidenting radiation" from the sun/star may strike a portion of an internal deck or bulkhead that has not been designed to accommodate such energy which could also lead to other problems.
So yes, I believe that both freezing and other temperature induced issues are of concern with any systems that are in a section of a ship that may become decompressed, and that even for systems in adjacent spaces (that share a bulkhead or deck) there may also be other thermal issues as well since there will likely be heat loss through those decks and bulkheads.
