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Corporate Traffic in the Imperium

robject

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This is yet another openly speculative thread about Imperial traffic. Lots of the same thoughts are present in older threads. I'm still working out implications and formulating hypotheses, and retracing my steps.



Long-Haul Routes

Every time a megacorporation or megacorporate starship is mentioned in Merchant Prince and The Traveller Adventure, it seems to be in the context of long-haul transport and shipping through the Imperium, terminally connecting two distant and important worlds -- for example, Vland-Rhylanor -- in a chain of jumps made by a transport.

These routes, referred to as major trade routes in the Imperium, Long-Haul, Long-Distance, and main route, appear to use the Sector Routes as their stepstones from one major Imperial world to the other. Their overarching purpose or priority appears to be linked to the terminal worlds, more than any shipping the ships may do in between.

Megacorps own these routes (Makhidkarun, Naasirka...), using 1,000 to 100,000 ton transports and freighters rated Jump-4 or better, accompanied by escorts (also rated Jump-4 or better).


Sector Routes

Sector Routes are called Major Trade Routes, and are differentiated from Subsector Major Trade Routes by context. They appear to be identical to the segments of the XBoat Route which fall within a sector. Sector routes are said to link up the major worlds of a sector.

Sector-wide lines like Al Morai use these routes, with 1,000 to 5,000 ton transports and freighters rated Jump-4, and accompanied by escorts rated Jump-4. Some sector-wide lines could be subsidiaries of megacorporations.


Subsector Routes


Subsector Routes are called Major Trade Routes, but only when speaking in the context of subsectors and subsector lines. These routes are generally feeders to the Sector Routes. Any local, lucrative route also qualifies as a Subsector Route, including segments of the XBoat Route which are close to and within the subsector, and routes of the sort Akerut had set up in Aramis subsector with its 5,000t J-1 Hercules-class ships.

Subsector lines (such as Oberlindes Lines and Sinzarmes), and a large number of fledgling lines, use these routes. Some subsector lines are subsidiaries of sector-wide lines and megacorporations. Freighters and liners are often armed, displace up to 5,000 tons, and are rated Jump-1 through Jump-3. Patrol Cruisers serve as escorts or route protectors.


Interface Routes

Interface Routes appear to connect many worlds within a subsector to other worlds across a territory boundary. These routes may range from 1 to 100 hexes long, though, so I expect Interface Lines to be operating from all worlds which have interesting trade codes (Cp In Ag etc).

Interface Lines use these routes (such as Baraccai Technum and McClellan Factors). Other lines can also use these routes (Oberlindes Lines). Interface lines may be subsidiaries of other lines. Freighters and liners displace up to 5,000 tons, and are rated Jump-1 through Jump-3. Ships are usually well-armed, and accompanied by escorts rated Jump-3 or better.


Service

Apparently, serving a sector only means serving the main routes -- i.e. the XBoat routes. That says something politically or economically, whichever you prefer for any given case.

Serving a subsector, similarly, means serving feeder routes and the major worlds in a subsector.

G. Kashkanun Anderson said:
The Imperial Encyclopedia has an article on trade routes that's fairly helpful here. Xboat routes are only part of the equation, in that they represent worlds which have administrative/governmental beyond (or occasionally entirely instead of) their economic importance. In other words, Xboat routes are served; but they aren't the only ones that see high traffic volumes.

Trade routes also connect the worlds of "major" economic importance, either to the Imperium or each other. In this sense, the lines that connect them are invisible on those typical Old School sector charts.

The value of a route is in contracts from the Imperial Navy and Important worlds.


Al Morai

Al Morai is a "sector-wide corporation".

After squinting at Spinward Marches Campaign, it seems that Al Morai owns exactly 57 ships: 53 of their J4M1 3,000t Freighters, and four Route Protectors (Gazelles), for a total volume of 160,600 tons. I note that the freighters are essentially identical to the Type AT Freighter from The Traveller Adventure, and do seem to serve an identical purpose (main-route cargo carrier). 53 ships qualifies as a merchant "fleet".

The "main route" marked out for Al Morai happens to be most of the Marches' Xboat route. This also is in accordance with The Traveller Adventure.

Oberlindes Lines

"A mix of small surplus supply freighters and patrol cruisers, plus a decent number of kiloton freighters to boot."

Oberlindes Lines is a subsector corporation and an interface line, with trade in Regina, Aramis, Uthe, and Firgr (and perhaps beyond).
Some time between 1050 and 1105, Oberlindes Lines boasted over a hundred ships, including 10 ships of greater than 4000 tons (one of
which is the Emissary) and 30 ships in the 2,000-to-4,000 ton range.

Assume 130 ships around 1080:

Code:
60,000t cruiser (1)
5,000t cargo transports (9)
4,000t freighters (10)
3,000t freighters (10)
2,000t freighters (10)
1,000t freighters (30)
Various 200t to 800t ships (60)

By the FFW, Oberlindes had "hundreds" (more than 200) of ships, mostly navy surplus, including a set of new 1,000 ton cargo
carriers that aren't navy surplus.

Assume 300 ships around 1107:

Code:
60,000t cruisers (3)
5,000t cargo transports (17)
4,000t freighters (20)
3,000t freighters (20)
2,000t freighters (20)
1,000t freighters (60)
Various 200t to 800t ships (160)

It may be that 50% of Oberlindes' ships are primarily protection-oriented, especially due to trading in Vargr space.

Traffic

In Marc's general terms, a busy and bustling port will see 10,000 to 25,000 passengers arriving, and a similar number departing, per week, and 1,000 ships arriving and 1,000 ships departing per week, plus a few thousand ships sitting in berth (most of them in orbit, I suspect). Marc doesn't seem to count small starships in this number, but he does seem to think that the general number of small starships also arriving and departing is largely constant, irrespective of the world size. Thus the upperbound is going to be low, seemingly. I'm sure there are exceptions as needed.

Economics

If Al Morai can make money by running goods across non-optimized Jump-4 routes (i.e. the XBoat route), then the rules aren't telling all. Rumor is that corporations buy their cargo to ship, therefore follow something more like a speculative model (or shall I say a Merchant Prince model) than plain-jane freight. Likely, they make tens of thousands of credits on the ton. Just as likely is that XBoat traffic is high-value.

For that matter, if Oberlindes can make money by running goods around (and across) a subsector at Jump-3, then there are rules at work we know nothing of. Government, corporate, interface, and military contracts, perhaps.
 
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Yep, military contracts are specifically mentioned in SMC (as I'm sure you know), although more as a sidebar in the adventure and involving some Al-Morai minor officer somehow hoodwinking both Al-Morai and the Imperium out of at least 30 suits of BD and 50 FGMP-14 units. Seems like something that would be better accounted for, but for sure a high paying cargo that simple free-traders are never going to be able to get.
 
Here's something I've been pondering.

First, assume: Al Morai really only has 57 ships, and Oberlindes has hundreds of ships. If you can't accept that, then you'll probably just chalk up my bewilderment to 'anging on to outdated Imperial dogma...

Take Mora as a f'rinstance. Say it sees 1,000 ships arrive per week.

Who owns all these ships?

Al Morai owns maybe 1. If there are four competing sector lines, maybe they account for 4 more.

Maybe megacorps account for 5 more.

Maybe there are a handful of couriers, subsidized mail-carriers, tramp traders, and fledgling-line ships. 20 more ships.

Maybe there's a naval patrol of 20 more ships.

950 ships to go, and I'm running out of owners.
 
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Service

Apparently, serving a sector only means serving the main routes -- i.e. the XBoat routes. That says something politically or economically, whichever you prefer for any given case.

Serving a subsector, similarly, means serving feeder routes and the major worlds in a subsector.

The Imperial Encyclopedia has an article on trade routes that's fairly helpful here. Xboat routes are only part of the equation, in that they represent worlds which have administrative/governmental beyond (or occasionally entirely instead of) their economic importance. In other words, Xboat routes are served; but they aren't the only ones that see high traffic volumes.

Trade routes also connect the worlds of "major" economic importance, either to the Imperium or each other. In this sense, the lines that connect them are invisible on those typical Old School sector charts.
 
Maybe megacorps account for 5 more.

Considering that Mora is an industrial planet with a very high population and
a very high tech level, this number seems to be very low.
I really doubt that 5 ships per week could transport all the resources the
megacorps industry on Mora requires and all of the industrial output of this
industry.
 
Considering that Mora is an industrial planet with a very high population and
a very high tech level, this number seems to be very low.
I really doubt that 5 ships per week could transport all the resources the
megacorps industry on Mora requires and all of the industrial output of this
industry.

I agree that it's a very low number. My initial estimate is 1,000 ships weekly, divided up between whatever corporations hold regularly scheduled routes through Mora. Note that that's still very low, from our perspective; we see that in one of our airports, and we've got oodles of them.
 
I'm not a canon person, so from a detached viewpoint I'd say that Al Morai is the fly in the ointment. Lets face it, the OTU was invented piecemeal and roughly stitched together over a number of years. The pieces don't all fit.

I'd use Oberlindes as your benchmark (though this, equally, may be a little high) - so your subsector line has hundreds of ships (or better, perhaps around a hundred) and by extension a sector line should have thousands, or at least about a thousand. Maybe its a typo and Al Morai has 5700 ships?

That would give AM up to 100 ships at Mora, and by your calculations above, multiplying tthe ships of the major lines and megacorps by a hundred, you would see well over 1000 ships in port without any struggling.

Just an idea.
 
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I'd use Oberlindes as your benchmark (though this, equally, may be a little high) - so your subsector line has hundreds of ships (or better, perhaps around a hundred) and by extension a sector line should have thousands, or at least about a thousand. Maybe its a typo and Al Morai has 5700 ships?

That's a clever idea, but you're more correct with your initial comment that the OTU was pieced together over time, and not that much attention was paid to what a picture of trade "ought" to be.

57 ships doesn't seem to be a typo: one ship per world served on the XBoat route, one extra, plus four Gazelles as route protectors. Scanty.

Oberlindes, in fact, probably does need a few hundred ships. A mix of small surplus supply freighters and patrol cruisers, plus a decent number of kiloton freighters to boot. And I feel compelled to think that Al Morai needs more ships. After all, there's the Deneb sector right in its backyard.

With both companies, value is in contracts and routes.

Demand must be met. The question is, is there any demand?
 
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...Demand must be met. The question is, is there any demand?

Indeed that's hitting the nail on the head.

IMO, the demand is low. Low enough that interstellar trade is nowhere near global trade levels. Worlds are for the most part much more independent than countries here on 21st C Terra.

But I could see easily making it 500 some ships instead of 50 some. So instead of 1 ship per world per week going one way or the other (more or less, those spurs mess things up) plus some off for maintenance, you end up with closer to 1 ship per world per day going each way which sounds much more like a reasonable rate of service for major worlds by a sector wide line.

And it makes Oberlindes look a little more reasonable as is at the same time.

The AM route protectors should probably go up a little bit too, but it's not like they're really needed everywhere all the time. I'd probably just arm the freighters a little, even half the allowable hardpoints would outclass what a 400ton Patrol Cruiser can muster.
 
But I could see easily making it 500 some ships instead of 50 some. [...]

And it makes Oberlindes look a little more reasonable as is at the same time.

The AM route protectors should probably go up a little bit too [...]

It seems like the most reasonable fix, and not all that intrusive. So we'd essentially be considering Al Morai's fact sheet in SMC a "typo" more or less.
 
Speculative Trading

I've thought about this realistically and it boggles the mind. Each time I think about it, either the TradeCorp makes a killing or goes bankrupt. There has to be a secret TukeraMart someplace. Or a Merchant Bazaar. There's no way all of these traders can just pick up 50 tons of something and expect to sell it at the next world. That's called blind buying. They'd have to diversify their cargo each jump not to chance losing their aft end in a bust. Otherwise I think most independent traders wouldn't make it 3 jumps without a dedicated run. With a Broker, it's different - the broker is going to be sending X-mail or whatever to the next world finding buyers and such. Then it's just shipping and the Trader is a go-between two Brokers (one of which owns the merchandise) or a Broker and a Buyer. I would think Brokers would have to be very common. In the real world, I haven't seen this kind of trading. Trucks, trains, planes, and cargo ships take cargo that already belongs to someone else from point A to point B. Speculative Trading happens at the Stock Market except for things like swap meets, auctions, or small town livestock trading.

On to the next part

Ok, you're speculating that Mora gets about 1,000 ships per week. Maybe so, maybe not, but let's break that down - it's less than 150 ships per day (142.yadayadayada to be exact)

Just using the Starship Encounter tables in the back of MegaTraveller, they have six types:

Merchant
Civilian
Non-Starship
Xboat
Scout
Naval

Xboat and Scout overlap a little. Break that down further and it's about 20 ships per type per day in various states of arrival, departure, and standing by. Give or take. That doesn't sound unreasonable for a major port.

Traffic Breakdown

MERCHANTS
You've got 13 MegaCorps
A good handfull of Major Corps - some sector wide, some subsector only
Both Al Morai and Oberlindes are Major Corps
If Al Morai is only hitting the Xboat routes - that should be enough ships
Quite a few Minor Corporations
And then the independant traders

CIVILIAN
Your guess is as good as mine, but I'm thinking this would include any Noble ships as Yacht is on the list for this.
Lifestyles of the Rich, Famous and those who 'somehow' found a ship in their possession (Pirates? Scavengers?)
Does this include things like UPS or FedEx?

NON-STARSHIP
All non-starship in-system traffic
Includes System Defense Boats

XBOAT
One ship per day from each direction on the Xboat line? Or more? Or less?
Xboat Tenders
Feeder couriers
Subsidized mail

SCOUT
Fluid unless there's a base/way station or an ongoing survey
The Scout/Courier is the most common ship in the Imperium according to the description in at least one book.

NAVAL
Again, Fluid unless a Naval Base or Depot
Or Ongoing Hostilities
Or the Expectation of Ongoing Hostilities
Or known Pirates in the area
Or, I bet I could keep going

Oh, and for Merchant, don't forget Black Market Shipping and Trading.

Did that help?

:eek:o:
 
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Speculative Trading

I've thought about this realistically and it boggles the mind. Each time I think about it, either the TradeCorp makes a killing or goes bankrupt. There has to be a secret TukeraMart someplace. Or a Merchant Bazaar. There's no way all of these traders can just pick up 50 tons of something and expect to sell it at the next world. That's called blind buying. They'd have to diversify their cargo each jump not to chance losing their aft end in a bust. Otherwise I think most independent traders wouldn't make it 3 jumps without a dedicated run.

While it is bizarre, it should be possible to buy Ipod cones in China, load them into your LearJet and Sell them to an electronics store in New York or London (or on E-Bay).
 
While it is bizarre, it should be possible to buy Ipod cones in China, load them into your LearJet and Sell them to an electronics store in New York or London (or on E-Bay).

I know quite a few people who make a living by buying local artworks in In-
dia or Zimbabwe and selling them in Europe.
 
Possible, yes, but is it feasible? If you had money to burn, I can see it. But if you're living from Jump to Jump... I just don't think it would happen. It'd be like putting your money on the craps table. What happens if you get to the next world and no one wants to buy? You're stuck with it - and just lost all of that money you paid for it. Traveller is different than the real world since you can't just pick up a phone on China world and find out if the store on London world (or wherever) would be interested. Two weeks, round trip, to get an answer. It would slow things down a bit.

Now an eBay in-system type of selling would be a boon to most Independent Traders. And any Broker or Corp would be smart to put in an online catalog ordering system for the locals if they have dedicated ships coming through. Aha! - that's where that secret TukeraMart would be. On the TraderNet.

I know quite a few people who make a living by buying local artworks in In-
dia or Zimbabwe and selling them in Europe.

Art is a whole different category. Very lucrative from what I hear. I guess you have to know your market, too. There's a ton of factors in any of these.
 
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I think a trader should know enough about the worlds on his route to be
able to figure out what the people there might be willing to buy.

It is not much different from the task of the owner of a shop in the city.
His customers do rarely pre-order, so he has to develop a feeling for what
they are most likely to buy. He then orders the goods he thinks profitable,
and hopes that he was right and they really will sell.
 
Al Morai and Oberlindes Lines

Apparently, serving a sector only means serving the main routes -- i.e. the XBoat routes. That says something politically or economically, whichever you prefer for any given case.
Let me remind you of earlier discussions about the canonical conflation of X-boat routes and main trade routes. It doesn't make sense. X-boat routes use jump-4 ships, main trade routes use jump-2 and jump-3 ships. It's true that in a lot of cases X-boats overlap trade routes, but that's because in those cases they aim for the same worlds, economic and political importance both being related to population size. It's not because the existence of X-boat links promote trade, the way the canonical statement has it.

Al Morai is a "sector-wide corporation".

After squinting at Spinward Marches Campaign, it seems that Al Morai owns exactly 57 ships: 53 of their J4M1 3,000t Freighters, and four Route Protectors (Gazelles), for a total volume of 160,600 tons. I note that the freighters are essentially identical to the Type AT Freighter from The Traveller Adventure, and do seem to serve an identical purpose (main-route cargo carrier). 53 ships qualifies as a merchant "fleet".
My suggestion is a small retcon: Al Morai's 53 jump-4 ships serves their jump-4 links and the other links are served by ships of the appropriate jump capability. To get the number of jump-1, -2, and -3 ships, divide 53 by the number of jump-4 links and multiply the result with the number of jump-3 links to get how many jump-3 ships they have, and do likewise for the jump-2 and jump-1 links.

As you pointed out elsewhere, Al Morai must also have ships to service Mora subsector.
Oberlindes is a subsector corporation and an interface line, with trade in Regina, Aramis, Uthe, and Firgr (and perhaps beyond). How to reconcile having hundreds of ships and yet not be able to rival Al Morai is an interesting question. I'll put that question to Marc and see if he squirms.
Why would Oberlindes rival or not rival Al Morai? They serve different markets (mostly).

Oberlindes Lines currently boasts a commercial fleet of hundreds of ships, mostly navy surplus, including 10 ships of greater than 4000 tons (one of which is the Emissary) and 30 ships in the 2,000-to-4,000 ton range. Add to that a set of new 1,000 ton cargo carriers that aren't navy surplus, and you've got a lot of ships.
You're mixing up two different descriptions of Oberlindes' fleet. The one that mentions the 10 ships greater than 4000T and the 30 in the 2000-4000 range also quotes the number of ships as "more than 100 ships". This is from the library data in The Kinunir (Year 1105). The "hundreds of ships" is from the library data in Twilight's Peak (Year 1107) and doesn't say anything about the tonnage of the new ships.

When I wrote up Oberlindes for JTAS Online, I came up with an explanation of how Oberlindes could go from 130 ships to over 200 in two years (they cheated ;)). Marc hault-Oberlindes had secretly been channeling funds into buying up stock in over a dozen fledging lines all over Regina and neighboring subsectors. In late 1104 he initiated buy-ups of a number of small lines and added their assets to his own. By the end of 1105 the company fleet had grown to over 200 ships.

(Don't bother pointing out that this isn't CT canon. I know. I'm posting this as a service to anyone who believes (as I do) that differences between the OTU and the GTU is due solely to differences introduced after the Change Point).

My latest wild guesstimate then is
Code:
60,000t Emissary (1)
5,000t cargo transports (9)
3,000t freighters (30)
1,000t freighters (10)
200t to 800t naval surplus supply ships (100)
400t Gazelles (200)
= 335,000 tons of ships.

That's a lot of ships, even at surplus prices, and I'm biasing the volumes low.
Here are my figures (They're for 1120, but most of them can be backdated and applied to the OTU prior to 1117):

Regina subsector: About 80 freighters in the 1,000 to 5,000-ton range and 14 2,000-ton passenger liners along the subsector's major routes. Another 40 smaller ships in the 200 to 800-ton range service feeder routes.

Aramis subsector: Most of Oberlindes' trade is with the Vargr Extents. Some 40 freighters in the 1,000 to 4,000-ton range are constantly occupied shuttling cargoes to and from the border. Another score of ships in the 400 to 800-ton range operate along feeder routes.

In the Vargr Extents: About 20 ships in the 2,000 to 4,000-ton range employed in the Extents and frequently hires smaller local ships on a temporary basis to supplement its capacity.

The escort division: A score of paramilitary vessels, mostly in the 400 to 600-ton range. The flagship is the Dianthus Surperbus an old 1,000-ton Chrysanthemum-class destroyer. In addition the line has two dozen couriers of varying capability from jump-2 to jump-5 that also belong to the escort division.

Total of 345,000T.

And here's a bonus: Some Oberlindes ships that are completely canonical (They're all mentioned in The Traveller Adventure):

Code:
Name              Type            Reference     Notes

Margin of Profit  Unknown         TA:62         Carries at least 50 tons.
Grand Tour        Cargo carrier   TA:109
Llewellyn         Far trader      TA:110
Wallen Bar        400 T merchant  TA:110        Presumed lost during trade
                                                war with Akerut in 1107.
Bottom Line       Freighter       TA:111
New Horizons      Free trader     TA:112
Guardian          Patrol cruiser  TA:113


Hans
 
Corporate Economics

Economics

If Al Morai can make money by running goods across non-optimized Jump-4 routes (i.e. the XBoat route), then the rules aren't telling all.
I know that we (all of us, not just you and me) are far from agreeing on how the OTU looks, but I had hoped that we at least had reached a consensus to the effect that the rules for refereeing the zany adventures of a bunch of PC freetraders are inappropriate, or at the very least inadequate, for figuring out how corporate business works. So, true, very true, the rules aren't telling all, nor would I expect them to.

Rumor is that corporations buy their cargo to ship, therefore follow something more like a speculative model (or shall I say a Merchant Prince model) than plain-jane freight. Likely, they make tens of thousands of credits on the ton. Just as likely is that XBoat traffic is high-value.
Or the rule about passengers invariably paying 1,000/8,000/10,000 credits for a ticket is a game rule rather than an Imperial regulation and the corporations charge whatever is competetive for carrying passengers and freight.

For that matter, if Oberlindes can make money by running goods around (and across) a subsector at Jump-3, then there are rules at work we know nothing of. Government, corporate, interface, and military contracts, perhaps.
Or the natural economic laws acting on the fact that jump-3 traffic is roughly as cheap (per parsec) as jump-2 and cheaper than jump-1.


Hans
 
57 ships doesn't seem to be a typo: one ship per world served on the XBoat route, one extra, plus four Gazelles as route protectors. Scanty.
It doesn't sound like a typo, but it does sound like an error. Using a jump-4 ship to service a 3-parsec route might make sense if it was part of a seven parsec route, but routinely using jump-4 ships for jump-1, -2, and -3 routes simply doesn't make sense. And as Marc Miller himself once said "It also has to make sense".


Hans
 
IMO, the demand is low. Low enough that interstellar trade is nowhere near global trade levels. Worlds are for the most part much more independent than countries here on 21st C Terra.
I haven't done much work with the Far Trader trade volumes, but what I have done so far seems to make a lot of sense. Can anyone give me any examples where they don't work when compared to canonical statements? Remember, the number of canonical statements that mentions a specific number of ships AND their sizes, is extremely scanty.



Hans
 
I have used GURPS Far Trader as the base for developing the trade system
for my setting, and it worked unexpectedly well.
 
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