The tools are there to change *play*, but the game uses a shorthand that makes it very difficult to change the big picture.
An in-game reason for the more successful (and typically older) systems to have multiple working worlds, at least in the Imperium, is the Long Night. A great many High Pop worlds were around during the prior empires and would have pulled in their interstellar endeavors to some extent. It is a truism that maintaining high tech requires that you keep using it, so many of those old High Pops would have turned to in-system settlement and exploitation, limiting their jump drives to truly important business. After all, without an empire out there, who knows what sorts of attention you'll attract by haring off to abandoned systems...
So the older tech capable systems have as much as a 1700 year span of motivation to explore and exploit the other bodies in their systems.
It was a rising era for many non-Imperials, of course, as well as a few regions within Imperial space. A number of minor Human races had their last chance at empire building during the Long Night, and the Julian region never crumbled in the first place. As such, those areas may not have as much motivation to explore in-system. Suerrat space probably had a wave of in-system development (that is now largely neglected) from their sub-light era that ended 9000 years ago. The Vilani sub-light era was much shorter, but they were at J1 for so long that the whole region was essentially "bigger", so there might be some old exploitation of secondary bodies.