Java coffee is so named from the Island of Java, where it first became an article of commerce. It has a good-sized bean with quite a large suture; and, as found on our market, is distinguished into pale yellow, which is the newer and cheaper kind, and yellowish brown, which is the old and dearer kind. At the time of the shipment from the port of exportation it is of alight-green color, but it changes during the voyage of importation to a pale yellow. Age improves its quality immensely, and as its color deepens with advancing age, the darkest yellowish brown is the best.
The crop is gathered in the months of January, February, and March. It is put up in small grass mats containing from 65 to 68 pounds, net. Each mat is marked with a letter or letters indicating the district where grown. For Army use, two of these mats are put up in a gunny sack.
The Java coffee of commerce comes from the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Celebes, which possess similar conditions as to climate and soil; and it should be noted that conditions as to climate and soil powerfully influence the quality of coffee. Almost the entire amount of Java coffee consumed in the United States conies from Padang, on the Island of Sumatra.
The Sumatra brands of Java coffee areas follows, in the order of merit in which they have ranked for years, viz: Mandheling, Ayer Bengies, Ankola, Painan. and Padang. There are a number of coffees in the markets purporting to be Java which are not Java: they come from Brazil, the Island of Ceylon, and Singapore. Ceylon Java is the only one of them that nearly approaches Java in quality. At the Centennial Exposition, in Philadelphia, there was an exhibition of Brazilian-grown coffee, under the name of "Imitation Java Coffee," which was very inferior to, and materially different from, the exhibit of Java coffee from the Dutch East Indies; and this Brazilian Java is the fictitious Java chiefly sold in the United States.
The best method of determining the quality of Java coffee is by the infusion test described in the article on "Coffee, issue."
Java coffee requires the same kind of storage and the same care while in storages as "Coffee, issue."