The term "Locker" applies to any controlled space on board a ship, and that is usually secured with one or more locks.
Thus we have the following list, which by no means is exhaustive:
Alcohol Locker (Liquor Locker)
Athletic Gear Locker
Battery Locker (charging station, storage, and electrolyte refill)
Bo'sun's Locker and Lucky Bag
Bread Locker (not locked, per se. Secured to keep rats out)
Chart Locker (navigator's stores)
Chain Locker (Anchor chain)
Chemical Warfare Locker (Gas masks, MOP suits, etc.)
Damage Control Locker (See Below)
Davy Jones' Locker (No one who goes there ever comes back)
Deck Gear Locker
Engineering Locker (See Below)
Foot Locker (One per crewmember)
Goat Locker (The Senior Enlisted Mess Room)
Lamp Locker (Archaic. Used to stoer oil lamps and lamp oil)
Paint Locker (paint, solvents, brushes, rollers, chippers, scrapers, etc.)
You would expect to find the Engineering Locker in or adjacent to the main engineering space. It would contain tool kits, spare parts, protective clothing, repair manuals, and anything else necessary to maintain and repair the power plant and drives.
The Damage Control Lockers or Repair Lockers are usually located throughout a large ship, or may share space with the Engineering Locker on a smaller ship. Looking through some old USN Damage Controlman Rating manuals, I find that 'typical' repair locker will contain some or or most of the following equipment, depending upon the ship’s allowance:
• Oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA).
• Basket strainer
• Battle lanterns
• Blower sleeves (Large-diameter, flexible fan ducts)
• CBR defense detection equipment and markers
• Chain hoist
• Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) defense protective clothing
• Combustible gas indicator (explosimeter)
• Decontamination equipment
• Electrical fans
• Electrical kits
• Electrical tools
• Extension lights
• Fire rakes and ladders
• Fire-fighter’s protective gloves
• Flashlights
• Forcible entry tools
• Four gas analyzers
• Gas masks (filter/respirator combo?)
• Hand tools
• Helmets
• Hose and pipe flanges
• In-line foam eductor
• Life jackets
• Manila line
• Nozzles and extra fire hose
• Oxygen indicator
• Pipe-patching kit (soft patches)
• Plugging kit
• Portable Exothermic Cutting Unit (PECU)
• Prefabricated patches (wood and steel)
• Rubber boots
• Rubber gloves
• Screw and hydraulic jacks
• Sealed-beam lights
• Shoring kit and shoring batten
• Sounding tapes
• Sound-powered phones
• Spare electrical cable
• Steel wedges
• Submersible water pump
• Supplied air respirator with self-contained breathing apparatus (SAR/SCBA)
• Twelve canisters for each OBA and six held in reserve
• X40J cable and jack boxes (for setting up an emergency intercom; the cable is flat and can be run through a water-tight door between the gasket and the knife-edge)
Note that the above list is for a 'Wet Navy' ship, and not a space-going vessel. Although the items on the list could easily equate to Travller equipment.