Yeah, awesome discussion. I'm learning a lot.
I saw the Aurelia/Blue Moon article while searching for inspiration for this world, actually. The television special was very good, and it'd be neat if they did more (a series...planet of the week?!). I especially like the flora, the Pagoda Trees in particular for some reason.
With all the ideas thrown out here, I'm giving Polassar system a more prominent place in my campaign plans, as it'd be a shame for my players not to see it. I have a hook for it, courtesy of random generation: the planet has a really high resource rating (F), high enough to have a dramatic effect on the economy of the entire sector. These resources haven't been exploited (0 export rating). However, the native life has a pretty advanced TL (8, about where we are now), so they probably know about their planet's riches and are working on their own way to extract them. They probably won't take kindly to Federation scientists and commercial interests taking those resources without giving them a cut of the profits. Or maybe some rare compound exists there that is crucial to maintaining the ecosystem. Lots of ways to go with that idea.
I just need to figure out what sorts of resources this planet has...more research.
I'll post up more stuff as it gets written. Hopefully it'll be good enough to stand up to what everyone else on this thread has contributed.
So...Scouts seems to have fallen down with this world design. Are its numbers so far off across the board, or was this just due to the unusual nature of this system? Again, not that I'm concerned with absolute fidelity to science in-game, I just find the whole process of world design fascinating and would like to know more.