I've seen you mention this before and thought about commenting. I think it's pretty clear that "Free" Traders are not all that free.
They're subject to a lot of laws, of course, but I don't think it's at all clear that Free Traders are subject to the laws governing ships owned by Imperially chartered companies.
I think there are lots of different laws. Some apply to all ships. some apply to all civilian ships but not military. Some apply to all ships carrying commercial passengers, but not private ships like yachtand lab ships. And some apply to ships belonging to Imperial companies but not to ships with individual owners.
I've long ruled they operate (in the Imperium) under license (LIC) though they may also be guild associated in some cases.
And I've long ruled that ships owned by individuals (single ships, that is) do not require an Imperial charter to engage in interstellar commerce. But neither is any use as evidence, is it?
First there's the rather obvious, though not concrete, fact from LBB2 onward that a Free Trader has to operate at the listed rates of passage and accept Tickets for passage. That seems rather regulated and implies a certain level of incorporation in the Imperial scheme.
Either that or a certain amount of simplification and genericity in the game rules. And given that the per-jump prices of the rules lead to irreconcilable problems if taken to their logical conclusion, I think the second explanation is much better than the first.
That cuts both ways, BTW. I'd charge a PC who was trying to buy no-frills passage in a single stateroom on a Tukera Long-liner from Rhylanor to Celepina (i.e. a four parsec jump) Cr14,000 rather than Cr8000. I
would allow him to pay with a Mid Passage voucher issued by an accreditted Imperial organization, but I'd also say (should anyone ask) that the company would be redeeming that particular voucher for Cr14,000.
Then there is the fact that in Supplement 7 the Imperial Free Trader "Jamison Factors" is listed in the section headed "Imperial Merchant Companies" with all the decidedly (I expect you would agree) "company" ships/outfits of the Megacorps, Corps, Companies, and Lines.
Interesting. I hadn't realized that, actually. But against that, I point out that there is no mention of Imperial charters in connection with any PC ship-owning activity, most especially including trading. I'd explain Jamieson Factors (and the other Free Trader companies mentioned) by pointing out that there's nothing to prevent a Free Trader from incorporating. Apparently Jamieson don't mind paying 2% of the profits to the Emperor

. The question is if they're allowed to refrain.
I'm pretty sure Free Traders in the Imperial sense are part and parcel of Imperial custom and subject to the same. Any starship operating in the Imperium is by definition (the space between the stars) under Imperial custom, or operating illegally. One might even argue that STL ships fall in this category as well.
One might, but I don't want to. See, I dislike that uncompromising "The captain locks up the weapons" rule. Part of the reason I dislike it is that it's a 20th Centurism. That's how we do things nowadays, but that doesn't make it a universal truth. Just imagine the captain of an Age of Sail East Indiaman demanding that a King's officer traveling on his ship turn over that pair of duelling pistols in his luggage. The captain wouldn't dream of doing any such thing and if he did, the officer would be highly offended. The captain would have the right to order the officer off his ship, of course, but I doubt he'd stay a captain once the Army had complained to the Company (social and political connections of the two gentlemen being assumed to not be a factor).
Now, just because something is a 20th Centurism isn't grounds in itself to dislike it (unless you prefer as much "We're not in Kansas anymore" feeling as you can get, anyway). But it is grounds to consider if it's a good idea. The notion that the Imperium wouldn't make sure its servants would be able to carry their sidearms aboard the ships that their tickets entitle them to ride (a High Passage
force the captain to evict another passenger) doesn't seem right to me. And as an adventure-writer I regret the plot potential that such a rule deprive me of.
But the rule is there, so apparently a captain
is legally able to sequester the arms of all his passengers, up to and including Imperial officers and nobles. To get around that, I'm exploring the possibility of making a distinction between what PC free trader captains usually do and what NPC passenger liner captains usually do.
It seems to me that making free traders less dependent on Imperial favor would help in that respect.
That makes planetary space navy starships in the Imperium subject to Imperial law as well imo. I think they'd be considered reserve fleets.
I think so too, but I think that's by reason of the membership treaties. The Imperium promises to portect the member world and the member world promises to help the Imperium. For details, see the codicil.
As for the "space between the stars" I've also long interpreted that similar to the coastal waters jurisdiction. Anything in a star system within 100d of a natural body of that system is local jurisdiction. Anything beyond 100d is Imperial jurisdiction, as well as designated Imperial jurisdictions within the local jurisdiction; like the Starport (not Spaceports), Imperial Bases, and granted estates of Imperial Nobility.
In the interest of making the Imperium as customizeable (if that's a word) as possible, I'd rather that depended on the individual membership treaty. There'll be some boilerplate, but the details would vary depending on historical factors. Worlds that were settled after inclusion into the Imperium would have far more restriced jurisdiction that worlds that were long settled and joined peacefully.
Hans