So what are people's experiences in game like? Does 2d6 work?
Sure, 2d6 works. The problem is that it imposes serious limitations on game designers. And many game designers are not astute enough to perceive those limits. So, they design systems that break the 2d6 mechanic.
I've posted on this at length in the CT forum, but here's the critical point:
A 2d6, modifiers added, target-number system like CT or MGT (i.e., roll 2d6, add mods, need 8+ to succeed) has a relatively narrow range of
meaningful net modifiers. In the case of CT, that range is -4 to +3. In other words, net modifiers greater than +3 do not materially improve the chance of success; net modifiers of -4 do not materially reduce the chance of success. Systems that fail to heed this reality will produce a lot of rolls that are effectively automatic successes or automatic failures. This is one of the definitions of a "broken system" IMHO.
Another point is that a +1 or -1 net modifier can be statistically huge, if the success number is placed near 7. In Traveller, a +1 can increase the chance of success from 41% to 58%. A -1 can decrease the chance of success from 41% to 28%.
The implications of these limits should be obvious -- a workable 2d6 system should have relatively few applicable modifiers to each roll. And the more applicable modifiers there are, the smaller each modifier's range should be.
So, if only one type of modifier will apply to a task roll, its range can be -4 to +3.
If 5 types of modifiers will apply, then they should ideally be limited to a range of -1 to +1. Even then, the system will "break" from time to time.
I'd add that I would probably never choose to design a game based on a 2d6 system. But I'm working on a private re-write of Classic Traveller, which requires me to use the 2d6 mechanic. ("Combat System C" is the only publicly available portion so far -- I always design the combat system first). I'm finding it an engaging challenge. 2d6 mechanics force a conscientious designer into identifying the most important factors; no "kitchen sink" approach will work.