In MT (PH, page 80), a sandcaster fired at close range has a Damage value of 10 (average person can sustain 3 hits before being unconscious and 4-5 more before dying) and a penetratioon of 20 (BD has armor 10-18).
In MgT, the sandcaster can achieve with 1 damage point at close range (CB, page 149). As this is in ship scale, it's equivalent to 50 points at character scale (CB, page 151 sidebar).
In both cases sandcasters are expected to fire as shotgun's pellets, so covering an area (and possibiliy taking more than one trooper)
As I said, I don't know about other versions, but in this two cases, I see them as something to concern any EVA would be boarders... Sandcasters become what grapeshot was in Age of Sail when it comes to repel boarders, as long as they come in EVA.