Who you are, and what you've done, are two separate things.
Ostensibly, if you rob a bank in the US, and flee the country to, say, Europe, the US "knows" you left (they see your passport leave), and the Europeans "know" you've arrived (they have your visa, or whatever). The fact that you're "wanted" is a different thing, and this is where the "long arm of the law" organically hunts you down.
The US puts out a warrant for you, that's broadcast out in its own sweet time, and gets entered into the assorted systems. As you continue to move throughout Europe and have occasional contact with the State (border crossings, paying taxes, pulled over for a traffic violation), eventually, the warrant will rear its ugly head, and you're on a plane back.
You can always go to some other place, a place where the US has less influence, a place that does not have an extradition treaty, etc.
But the fundamentals are that with your ID, you leave behind breadcrumbs of data that, should some REALLY want to find you, they can follow and make a more aggressive pursuit.