Here's a few you could include:
A tape that sticks to just about any surface in almost any temperature atmosphere / liquid (sort of the opposite of teflon). The material is somewhat stretchy and hard to tear or pierce (it tends to just stretch instead). Cut with a special blade that comes with the roll. You peel off the protective strip that keeps it from adhering to itself and put it in place. REquires caution handling or you stick to it....
Various widths and some have a metal foil in the center to add strength.
So that's what they make Battle Dress from.
And yes, I could see it being quite useful, but it should have a solvent that people can use to get it off their hands, spacesuit, or whatever.
I have to make custom bandages for my wife, and preventing the sticky stuff from sticking to me or itself is a real pain.
Surgical "foam." Works sort of like that expanding insulation foam in application. It will fill a wound completely sealing it. Includes a clotting agent and a anti-bacterial / anit-biotic agent also. Expands to completely fill a wound. A spray is available to dissolve it into a harmless organic liquid that is drained or can simply be asorpbed by the body as a nutrient.
I think there was an article in JTAS about "Bandage" which sort of did this.
It should also be a matrix that new skin/tissue could grow into, and should dissolve or be absorbed in this case. Often surgical incisions can have deep parts that (in the modern world) one has to fill with packing tape (like gauze, non-sticky, but in a long thin strand) for 48 hours and then take out and put new stuff in and repeat until healed so a wound will heal from the bottom first. A spray like that would be extremely useful for both first-aid (I got shot!) and post-surgical care (it would probably be put in by a nurse after the would was drained).
I would also think it should have a painkiller mixed in with it to encourage the victim to get up sooner, something all doctors and insurance companies seem to encourage.
Foam patch. Sort of a cross between expanding foam insulation and JB Weld. It is simply sprayed into the hole or onto the surface where it proceeds to harden into a metal-like patch that adheres to many surfaces like glue. Can be used to glue two items together and fill the gap between them with a material as strong as say, aluminum.
Comes in spray can form. Two types: One that works on contact with air another that works in any condition or in a vacuum.
Imagine the kids huffing this.
Evolution in action.