Because ... it's just a gun on a circular platform with no armor protection? Near as I can tell, neither High Guard II nor MegaTraveller make a barbette any easier to damage than a turret.
Your image of the
Re Umberto main gun appears to show some sort of parapet wall over which the gun fires, protecting the gun's lower works. If I read the image correctly, it appears to have enough width to serve as an armored defense. There's a groove in it to allow room for what I think is the rammer to work. As to the
Benbow, I presume you're referring to the
Admiral-class
Benbow.
Benbow also seems to show some sort of wall over which the gun fires, described as a 14" plate forward and a 12" plate aft.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Be...25_inch_Elswick_naval_gun_Right_Elevation.jpg
At any event, that's ancient history so far as Traveller is concerned. The barbettes shown in Supplement 7 are identical in appearance to turrets except for their large size. The barbettes mentioned in High Guard II take a single hardpoint like any other turret and take damage the same way any other weapon does - they're just very large. And, MegaTraveller
Referee's Manual does not appear to have the word "barbette" in it anywhere: hardpoint-mounted particle accelerators are dealt with under the heading, "Particle Accelerator Turrets", and all are referred to as turrets including the 5 dTon TL14 model. As near as I can tell, "barbette" in CT just means "big turret".
It's quite interesting that the AHL bays are capped with mega-sized turrets. I hadn't noticed that before. I guess you could call that the bay's tower or garret, maybe bartizan. Interesting.