I actually see MGT as a direct descendant of CT, if your looking at editions. Look how AD&D changed from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, yes it is different but it is based very closely to the origional ideas of the game. I honestly think that MGT is what CT would be if it was written today and not in the late 70's. I know that I am gonna get flamed for that comment, but it is how I feel if someone disagrees with me that's fine I like opinions it means folks have a brain.
No, if CT were designed new right now, large portions of MGT probably would look VERY different. Point based CGen would be the standard, not the option. Combat would probably not use damage to attributes; Damage to Attributes was a T&Tism taken to a new level (T&T did damage to Con in 1975; T&T, CT, MT, T4, and TFT are the only games I know of which use it as a normative mode).
Tasks, World Generation and Character Generation would probably make use of d10s as well as D6's... because at the time CT was designed, D10's were actually d20's, bloody rare, and only just coming to popularity. (Traveller's adherence to d6-only is explicitly a function of Mongoose catering to CT/MT sensibilities.)
GDW's wargames started using d10's in the mid 80's; now, thanks to White Wolf, d10's are extremely common - only d6's are more so.