Maximum ship size actually does have a definite effect on total trade volume, though.
Economy of scale means that a large cargo vessel will always have a lower operating cost per ton of cargo than a small cargo vessel - meaning that the large ship will charge less per ton for cargo if there is competition for the load, so trade costs will drop, which will increase trade volume.
So identical subsectors will automatically see a larger volume of trade in the "large-ship universe" than in the "small-ship universe".
On the margin yes but only if these larger freighters are full.
A vessel with a 10,000 ton cargo bay carrying 100 tons will have a very high operating cost per ton.
Having a lower base operating cost will encourage *more* cargo but if the difference is 110 tons of cargo instead of 100 tons then it won't be enough to make up for being mostly empty.
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What you're effectively saying is larger freighters would have lower enough operating costs to increase volume of trade enough to keep the larger freighters full and therefore economic.
That may be the case on earth and by analogy it's probably true inside the systems but I don't think supply and demand works the usual way *between* systems because they are systems and not just single planets i.e. a world with no copper doesn't necessarily create an interstellar demand for copper if they can mine if from a moon in their own system.
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I agree economies of scale would mean that the average size of merchant ship on each route would vary with the volume of trade on that route - the largest size that could reasonably guarantee being full would become the default size over time.
So yes if you're running a big ship universe and there's a route with a high enough volume then there's no reason the freighters couldn't go above the 5K limit on that route. The 1K to 5K thing is mostly a habit on my part.
I'll edit the original post to reflect that.
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edit:
the circuits in my brain force me reluctantly on the side of a big ship universe logically but i want the actual game to mostly play as a small ship universe hence rigging MTU into being a hybrid of the two. sometimes i forget i'm *allowed* bigger ships hence the habitual use of 1K to 5K for freighters.
at least as far as merchant ships go you can easily make a reasonable case why half of each sub-sector is a small ship universe even if the other half of the sub-sector is a big ship universe. then you only need a reason for the navy to only use small ships in the small half of the sub-sector also and you have 20-ish systems per sub-sector for small ship adventures.
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edit2
This is only necessary for people with a certain type of brain
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