With respect to the convict ship to Australia. The first settlement fleet had the following personnel on it. The excerpt is taken from the account of Marine Captain Watkin Tench, available for download from Project Gutenberg, just search under Australia.
In the transports were embarked four captains, twelve subalterns, twenty-four serjeants and corporals, eight drummers, and one hundred and sixty private marines, making the whole of the military force, including the Major Commandant and Staff on board the Sirius, to consist of two hundred and twelve persons, of whom two hundred and ten were volunteers. The number of convicts was five hundred and sixty-five men, one hundred and ninety-two women, and eighteen children; the major part of the prisoners were mechanics and husbandmen, selected on purpose by order of Government.
My emphasis added, as the first fleet was disproportionately male, with later ships of female convicts intended not to serve as prostitutes, but to supply wives for the convicts already there. All ships normally promptly returned to England following disembarkation of the convicts. I also think, from looking over the 3 sources that I have on the first fleet, that Captain Tench included the wives and female children of the Marines and other officers with the female convicts.
Captain Tench served on the transport Charlotte, which carried the following numbers.
The Charlotte, of 346 tons, had on board 89 male and 20 female convicts; 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 2 sergeants, 3 corporals, 1 drummer, and 35 privates, with the principal surgeon of the colony.
The military were Marines, carried in addition to the normal ships crew, who also remained behind for a period of time at the colony.
Also carried on the fleet were the following addition civilians, not convicts.
There were on board, beside these, 28 women, 8 male and 6 female children, belonging to the soldiers of the detachment, together with 6 male and 7 female children belonging to the convicts.
The second two quotes come from the following source, also available for download on Project Gutenberg: An Account of the English Colony in New
South Wales, Vol. 1, by David Collins
One more item of information from Captain Tench.
To add to the good disposition which was beginning to manifest itself, on the morning of the 20th, in consequence of some favorable representations made by the officers commanding detachments, they were hailed and told from the Sirius, that in those cases where they judged it proper, they were at liberty to release the convicts from the fetters in which they had been hitherto confined. In complying with these directions, I had great pleasure in being able to extend this humane order to the whole of those under my charge, without a single exception. It is hardly necessary for me to say, that the precaution of ironing the convicts at any time reached to the men only.
Aramis, start posting your sources for your statements so that the others on the forum can check the accuracy of them as well.