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Invading Star Systems/Defending Them

Originally posted by Baron Saarthuran:
My Lords,

Does this tactical conundrum you present assume that you (the defender) has already lost control of the entire system's resources, and its a last stand at the mainworld?

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I never did. For those handful of built-up systems, especially Depots, and further especially Depot/Corridor, I'd always assumed every major body in the system was heavily defended; the median bodies were lightly defended and equipped with excellent sensors; the minor bodies, Kuiper and Oort, mounted with sensors to provide a sphere of detection around the stellar system.

Personally, I believe this would have a fair chance of detecting early, and thwarting with counter-fire, any attempt at accerlating any meaningful mass to fractional-C velocities. If such weapons were actually a real threat, the defending system would be _forced_ to have such a sensor net, and two, would be equally _forced_ to have the means to stop them . . . ok, I mean forced in a way that encompasses the idea that the defenders have brains and the budget and the willpower to see through a real defense.

While I've created a MyTU-only rule that prevents forces from reliably accerlating anything up to near-C and then jumping in-system followed quickly by impact with the target world, this does not prevent an enemy from jumping into deep space outside the heliopause of the target star system, and launching fractional-C weaponry from there. The problem with this is, the acceleration of such weapons involves Thrusters, those 6-G generators that push ships and weapons around. It is my belief that the synthetic aperture generated by data linking together a spherical web of sensors embedded in Oort cloud objects around a defended star system would be so vast that the resolution and sensitivity achieved would be able to detect a 6-G distortion in space time at great range, possibly at thousands of AU, plenty of time to send a signal into the central system. Counter-Fractional-C weapons launch platforms would, using massive gravitic generators, fire counter Fractional-C weapons (several, why take chances?) of comparable size (from a selection of possibile devices kept on hand), which would then continue to accelerate out-system on their own 6-G thrusters. These weapons would converge on the perceived target, probably intercepting it at great range, the further away from vulnerable worlds, the better. The collision (resulting from impact against a superior mass travelling in an opposing direction), will pretty much turn into a largish burst of gamma rays. The defenders could even have a volley of a few thousand nuclear weapons following the main counter Fractional-C weapon, which would explode in echelon directly after the main collision at a calculated interval so that the radiation pulses from the multiple sets of explosions could buffet-disperse any remaining inbound gasses and/or microscopic debris.
 
But remember that there is only a small amout of Delta-V you can generate at fractional C speeds to adjust trajectory before you miss my ships moving around in the far system. Add in the time delay of sensor readings and I could be millions of KM before your strike gets to where I was.
Navy installations on other bodies besides the main population center presents VERY easy targets for destruction. I could get really lazy and launch bodies from the Oort cloud into any target. Planetary bodies are the easiest targeting solution - you always know where they are going to be at a certain time, so just tug up some large (10 km?) size iceballs and set them up to slam into those pesky fleet bases...
Static defenses are death...remember the Maginot Line...(something the Germans didn't with their equal Atlantic Wall...)

-MADDog
 
By that Reckoning then, wouldnt such an attack be suicide for an attacker? Core systems have had hundreds (if not thousands) of years to set up all sorts of deterrents. A frontier System would be another story.

On my homeworld, we make full use of automated defensive devices, due to Sidur Haski's low, low, population. These Include:

Extensive Asteroid (we have two belts) Missile Bases.

Oribtal Weapon Platforms, basically ships with no Drives that sport Missiles or Lasers.

Orbital Cities that have a varied array of classified weapon loadouts.

SDB squadrons stationed in several key Areas.

Some Line Ready ships, but not a lot. The family Yacht is loaded pretty good.

We are also at a disadvantage that we have no Gas Giant, and must rely on asteroids and Hydrographics for Fuel.

We would most definitely get stomped in a "ground" War, even though most of that sort of fighting would take place in orbital cities. Our ground security drones are good, but very dumb.

We also make use of Self Replicating Machinery, Machines that build other machines, (of several models) to maintain the proper levels of defense.
These are designed to perform alotted task, and occasionally build more of thier type.

The reason for my previous question was: If you still had control of all depots and Gas Giants and belts, you would force the attacker to burn resources in taking them, a distraction that could be a good hit and run opportunity for SDBs and other craft to take out the attacking fleet's Support Craft, making things like fuel hard to come by for them. Perhaps the could even attack outright, flanking the Attacker, leaving them distracted for a meson or missile Barrage...
 
Originally posted by MADDog:
But remember that there is only a small amout of Delta-V you can generate at fractional C speeds to adjust trajectory before you miss my ships moving around in the far system. Add in the time delay of sensor readings and I could be millions of KM before your strike gets to where I was.
Navy installations on other bodies besides the main population center presents VERY easy targets for destruction. I could get really lazy and launch bodies from the Oort cloud into any target. Planetary bodies are the easiest targeting solution - you always know where they are going to be at a certain time, so just tug up some large (10 km?) size iceballs and set them up to slam into those pesky fleet bases...
Static defenses are death...remember the Maginot Line...(something the Germans didn't with their equal Atlantic Wall...)

-MADDog
I would not target ships in the far system, launch platforms, escorts, or otherwise, they would be impossible to hit with counter Fractional-C weaponry (and at that distance, might be nearly impossible to hit with conventional weaponry). Ships far outside the star system, if not moving around with Thrusters, would be quite difficult to detect; although it is strictly my personal belief that Thruster activity will show up to gravity detectors (densitometers, et al), fusion activity will definitely show to neutrino sensors. Even a very large fleet, though, thousands of warships, would not, on a cost-per basis, be able to fire sufficient conventional missiles to overcome local anti-missile missile and point-defense weapons. The Fractional-C weapons they would launch toward the target star system would have to be a long, long way off to begin with, giving the defenders plenty of time to detect and launch counter-fire. I really think any Factional-C weaponry duel would be ineffective against the counter Fractional-C weaponry fire I’ve already outlined.

As for launching bodies from the Oort Cloud, the sensor net in the Oort Cloud would pick that up and make that a site for targeting from a couple of hundred thousand nuclear warheads (some of them quite large, no need to avoid using planet-buster nukes out there in the Oort; and the local planetary defenses need not worry about starship dTonnage and volume constraints when deciding what sort of missiles to keep on hand to attack with). No detectable activity there would survive. This missile fire would begin, potentially, before the first landings on the first Oort bodies. Further, it would involve importing maneuver drives and power plants and installing them, generally an activity reserved for a shipyard. The cost of doing so would be so high that if the defenders were left to themselves with a similar amount of money (they will always have more time) they could have all the Kuiper Belt objects of whatever sizes they needed ready and waiting (with their own maneuver drives and power plants) to act as counter Oort Body objects; and the defenders would have more of them, too.

Even if landing with great stealth to avoid detection, construction without fusion digging (or nano) or radio transmission to aid communication coordination, is going to take a while.

Then, this crew now faces a new problem. As soon as it commences operations, it will be detected (Thrusters or fusion power plants going online). As soon as it is detected, it will face a gigantic volley of nuclear missiles, in echelon, possibly numbering in the millions; and among them would be a few key 1000+ mTon warheads mounted on very large missiles capable of slagging even the largest battleship regardless of its armor. Even a fleet of thousands of warships couldn't hope to ward it off. Any Fraction-C weaponry this Oort Base chose to launch would be subject to the same counter Fractional-C weaponry mentioned before. Even a hundred such Oort Bases would be hard pressed to launch a successful attack; and building that many in deep space would be hard to keep a secret, either from the defender's Oort-Net or from counter-intelligence ops running on other worlds. Depot/Corridor, for instance, is deep inside Imperial Space, trying to run this sort of op against it would be a task so difficult it would be bound to run into failure. The Vargr could certainly never muster the organization to mount such a lengthy task. Other Depots are in a similar position. Jewel/Spinward Marches would be far more vulnerable to such sneakiness, which is why I would have sensor drones and SDBs patrolling the Oort cloud to add to the effectiveness of the Oort-Net.

Yes, I’m aware of the Oort cloud’s potential volume of 33 cu ly (and that’s only for an Oort Cloud around a Sol-size system); but I wouldn’t be relying on any _individual_ vessel or base to provide a sensor contact, but rather the combined value of all the sensors involved (primarily neutrino sensors and densitometers, but conventional gravity detectors and infrared would do, too). I think whole fleets could drift around the outer Oort without going noticed, as long as they didn’t use their Thrusters of have their fusion power plants running. But as long as these things aren’t used, launching a Fractional-C attack against the target star system is going to be quite difficult (what will drive the weapons forward in space?). Against lightly defended systems, this would present so great a threat as to be overwhelming, but then again, against lightly defended systems, standard fleets are going to overwhelm them. But against a star system that a defender had been building up defenses on for _centuries_? The wealth spent across the centuries at a heavily defended site (a “cannot be lost” site like Depot/Corridor; which, I believe, has been there for five or six centuries at the least), is going to far outweigh the wealth any fleet is going to bring along with them (wealth equaling destructive capability in this sense).


Sincerely,

Chris O.
 
Originally posted by MADDog:


<snip>

Navy installations on other bodies besides the main population center presents VERY easy targets for destruction. I could get really lazy and launch bodies from the Oort cloud into any target. Planetary bodies are the easiest targeting solution - you always know where they are going to be at a certain time, so just tug up some large (10 km?) size iceballs and set them up to slam into those pesky fleet bases...

<snip>

-MADDog
A 10 km ball of ice? Wouldn't that displace something like (way rough calculation on my part) over 3.7 billion tons? Or something like 370 times larger than the occasional 10 mdTon mega-freighter I've seen discussed. The maneuver drive and power plant to mount on it would be hundreds of millions of tons themselves. Which component manufacturer makes such drives? Which billon ton freighters will jump them into the outer Oort of an enemy star system? What collection of millions of workers or robots will spend years digging out drive mountings? And this wouldn't be detected? It would be like setting up and running a large colony.
 
The ultimate show-stopper defense against Fractional-C weaponry I can think of is the Black Globe Generator. Position a robot-piloted black globe vessel in the way of the incomming weapon (I'm thinking of blocking reasonably sized Fractional-C weapons, not planetoid sized). When the impact occurs, it will entirely be absorbed into the black globe vessel, which will itself then promptly explode due to overload. But there will be nothing left of the Fractional-C weapon.
 
someonee said "static defenses are death" I would say that this depends on the time period. There have been more sieges than battles in history, and they could take months or years. Would a fleet try to bombard a planet bristling with meson guns? Could a blockade be counted on to subdue it? The resources of a whole planet are available.
Also large land engangements can't be discounted. It might sometimes be thought a better way to conquer a planet by landing in a soft spot and expanding from there to attack from groundward. Thus the ground can work with the ortillery in a combined arms fashion, the ground conquering new angles to fire from, and the ortillery softening for further couquests.
 
Originally posted by jatay3:
someonee said "static defenses are death" <snip> Would a fleet try to bombard a planet bristling with meson guns? Could a blockade be counted on to subdue it? The resources of a whole planet are available.
Also large land engangements can't be discounted. <snip>
Yeah - I said it...(and I also chose defense)
OK, I've decided to invade Jatay 3, a planet with a large selection of meson and missle bases on both the homeworld and its moon. I design my battle rider to hold a bunch of 'missle ships' - They don't have J drives, or crew quarters, or much besides a big engine and LOTS of kinetic missles. After I jump in - far from the homeworld, the ststic defenses don't send out any ships to counter my poking around in the outer system...My luck - If they attempt to target me, the time delay on their instrumentation causes all their attacks to miss by miles. My MS all depart their rider ship, and accelerate to a high %C... Now, by the time I'm in missle range and launch, your sensors have ? .3 to 1 second of react time ? before my missles come in to obliterate your defenses? Go ahead and target them as they go away - they were effectively missle pods anyway...But now you don't have any meson bases...I can continue to wear down your defenses at MY lesure...See? If you have no fleet to counter my ships, I have all the marbles. Lets say you have a 1000 divisions, all laid out around your cities in their bases and fortifications...Not really hard for me to hit with kinetic strikes from orbit, once I've cleared out the dangerous defenses...So I sit up here, wiping out division after division with my KS weapons - And I no longer have to worry about incidental casualties of civilians, because YOU are the one who built up so much - They are now viable military targets...
No, I'm convinced that static defenses ARE death in the far future - Give me a couple thousand SDBs instead of big meson and missle bases on a planet (the moon is even easier - I stop at an asteroid or ice ball from the Oort cloud, plop my ORION drive plate on it, and drive it into the surface - That would be an awesome explosion!)
It IS just a game..
-MADDog
 
@ Maddog

Three points:
- You can take out most defenses with kinetic bombardment, but you can't take out meson guns deep under the surface.
- The time factor was mentioned. Accelerating something to 70%C takes well over a month.
- Destroying the ground troops isn't going to be so easy. As I already said, a grav armor division is going to be a dispersed collection of incredibly resilient, highly mobile targets. To destroy them, you will have to lay waste to the entire planet.
And if that's what you want, you don't have to worry about ground combat anyway.

Regards,

Tobias
 
"Yes, I'm aware of the Oort cloud's potential volume of 33 cu ly ...."

besides the volume, there's also the distance. the defender may launch a million missiles against some point in the cloud, but it's a long ways out, and depending on where the missile depots are it could take days or even weeks before the missiles arrive.

this defense is unwieldy. it must launch an expensive consumable response at the least sign of enemy presence, and it assumes the attacker will passively remain in place and get hit. if the attacker flies around in the oort cloud dropping off real or decoy launch bases the defence will soon be depleted.

a defender using sdb's instead of static defenses will not have an easier solution to this problem. such a defense may not become depleted, but its response time will be markedly slower. further it will have to dispatch one ship minimum to deal with each real and decoy launch base, and by the time the main sdb body closes with the attacking fleet the attackers may have local superiority.
 
"Accelerating something to 70%C takes well over a month."

is .7c necessary? 100,000 tons (volume) at .01c would be militarily significant - not to mention politically and economically.
 
Originally posted by flykiller:
is .7c necessary? 100,000 tons (volume) at .01c would be militarily significant - not to mention politically and economically.
70% was just the example I had used, but I think it should be in this ballpark. 1% C will leave the defender too much time to destroy the weapon.

Assuming a sensor and weapon range of two light-seconds, 0.7c will leave the defender at about one second for countermeasurs, most of which will not stop the weapon. 0.01c will leave him full three minutes and a weapon which is much easier to stop.

Regards,

Tobias
 
".01c will leave him full three minutes and a weapon which is much easier to stop."

with what? I'm not big on physics but it seems to me that a 100,000 ton (volume) rock moving at 1860 miles per second is a bit tough to stop or deflect. let's say it's detected at ten light seconds out, so the defender has seventeen minutes to react to it. what exactly can be done?
 
Originally posted by flykiller:
with what? I'm not big on physics but it seems to me that a 100,000 ton (volume) rock moving at 1860 miles per second is a bit tough to stop or deflect. let's say it's detected at ten light seconds out, so the defender has seventeen minutes to react to it. what exactly can be done?
Placing something big in its way will obliterate it and deflect the small pieces. You can also hack it to little pieces using meson guns or old-fashioned nukes. As the object has not much room for evasive action, it would be a sitting duck.
Please note that a 100-ton object at 0.7c carries considerably more energy than a 100,000-ton object at 0.01c, and that the energy is more dispersed on the larger object.
Also, it is considerably cheaper (about a thousand times) to accelerate a 100-ton object to 0.7c than to accelerate a 100,000-ton object to 0.01c. It's a simple fact that increasing velocity increases energy far more than does increasing mass, therefore the smaller, faster object is more economical.

Regards,

Tobias
 
"Also, it is considerably cheaper ...."

yes, it is, but since we're talking about the capture or obliteration of a major world the cost involved here is not worth considering.

"Please note that a 100-ton object at .7c carries considerably more energy than a 100,000-ton object at .01c ...."

no doubt, but the original subject concerned the fact that it takes over a month to accelerate an object to .7c. bringing it up to .01c takes only 14 hours.

"Placing something big in its way will obliterate it and deflect the small pieces."

I'm sorry, can you elaborate on that? what exactly do you have in mind by "placing something big in its way"?

"You can also hack it to little pieces using meson guns or old-fashioned nukes."

will surface detonations by nukes on a rock that big, in a vacuum, break it up significantly, or at all? and this rock, if it's moving at .01c, will cross ten light seconds in about seventeen minutes - in that amount of time even a head-on 17g missile can only intercept the .01c rock less than thirty seconds before the rock hits the planet. even if the nuke breaks up the rock it won't make a difference in the final impact result.

as for meson guns chopping it up, I guess that would depend on the rule-set used. but near as I can figure meson guns are simpy another radiation weapon, and they don't "chop up" anything.
 
Originally posted by flykiller:
yes, it is, but since we're talking about the capture or obliteration of a major world the cost involved here is not worth considering.
That depends whether you assume a 100% success chance. If you don't, as I do, cost does become a factor.

no doubt, but the original subject concerned the fact that it takes over a month to accelerate an object to .7c. bringing it up to .01c takes only 14 hours.

I'm sorry, can you elaborate on that? what exactly do you have in mind by "placing something big in its way"?
A large ship, for example. Think of an old freight ship.

will surface detonations by nukes on a rock that big, in a vacuum, break it up significantly, or at all?
Depends on the nukes, I'd say. 100,000 tons isn't all that large for an asteroid. I imagine that Traveller nukes can be built at considerably more than even Tsar Bomba (50 Megaton) capacities.

and this rock, if it's moving at .01c, will cross ten light seconds in about seventeen minutes - in that amount of time even a head-on 17g missile can only intercept the .01c rock less than thirty seconds before the rock hits the planet. even if the nuke breaks up the rock it won't make a difference in the final impact result.
That depends whether the defenders have missiles or missile-armed SDBs stationed in far orbit.
If they don't, meaning the attackers have complete space supremacy even fairly close to the world, well then you can pretty much level the world at your choosing anyway.

as for meson guns chopping it up, I guess that would depend on the rule-set used. but near as I can figure meson guns are simpy another radiation weapon, and they don't "chop up" anything.
Dunno which ruleset you're using, but in CT they definitely cause explosive damage (and none too shabby either). They cause interior explosions in HG and destroy structures, buildings and smooth ground surfaces in Striker. Indeed, a buried meson gun would be the ideal weapon for destroying such an asteroid weapon.

Three closing remarks:
- All the mentioned defense methods could in theory also be used against my proposed 0.7c ISKKM, but they would be largely ineffective due to the drastically shorter reaction times, and the effects of velocity.
- If you want to destroy a world's civilian infrastructure, you can generally do it. Even if individual weapons can be defeated, you can use several. But is that the goal?
By my calculations, the 100,000-ton rock would have an impact energy in the same range as the dinosaur-killer. So it will have a devastating effect on the world and spell doom for its population.
- High-tech military units will mostly survive, given their grav mobility and armor, which I assume for most TL 12+ units. Buried meson guns and command posts, ocean-lurking SDBs, and mobile surface-to-orbit systems will largely survive as well.
So what you can do is destroy the civilian infrastructure of a world. But as a precision weapon against military targets, kinetic energy bombardment is thoroughly unsuited.

Regards,

Tobias
 
without taking the easy way out by dropping rocks on someones head, how about some Stragict Planning?? just what would it take to "capture" a system. how may ships, what type, how many troops, what about supplys for a prolonged attack, reserves, ect ect. see how difficult it is??
 
Originally posted by trader jim:
without taking the easy way out by dropping rocks on someones head, how about some Stragict Planning?? just what would it take to "capture" a system. how may ships, what type, how many troops, what about supplys for a prolonged attack, reserves, ect ect. see how difficult it is??
in my opinion traveller simply doesn't work at this level. traveller was originally meant to provide a quick and dirty background for a small team of characters to adventure in the wide universe, and it does that well. if it is stretched beyond this original intent it immediately breaks down and proves inadequate.

continuing on anyway, if rocks are deprecated or ignored and a planet is to be taken by assault then there are two dominating factors. one, if the defending fleet is defeated and forced to withdraw then there is no planetary army that can withstand an attack by invading troops backed by an orbital fleet. it would be like asking an army that didn't have an air force to cope with an army that did. immediate surrender is inevitable. two, if the defending planet has sufficient numbers of buried meson guns and auxiliary weapons and deep-bunkered sdb's then depending on the rule-set used the attacker probably couldn't even approach the planet without incurring excessive casualties. either way there's not much chance of significant ground action.

how 'bout duels by champions, in systems and on planets specifically set aside for such purposes? it may be irritating to be conquered in absentia, but it sure beats getting your starport nuked.
 
Okay, NOW I remember what I was gonna say.

In the Star Wars novels, the X-Wing novels by Michael Stackpole had Rogue Squadron infiltrate and help conquer Coruscant. Granted, they had help, and they found out that their enemy's leader actually _wanted_ them to have it, but it gave me an idea. Couldn't you insert small teams of infiltrators and commandoes to knock out defenses and keep them out of commision long enough for a couple of divisions to land and make a beachhead, as well as cause disruption and havoc long enough for those troops to hold off the defending troops?

Also, I don't remember if anyone mentioned this before (and don't feel like going and checking), but I think that relative tech level would make a difference (e.g. a tl15 interstellar government knocking on a world in a tl10 pocket empire). Thoughts?
 
Originally posted by Jame:
Couldn't you insert small teams of infiltrators and commandoes to knock out defenses and keep them out of commision long enough for a couple of divisions to land and make a beachhead, as well as cause disruption and havoc long enough for those troops to hold off the defending troops?
Theoretically, but it's tricky (how tricky depends on the normal security/paranoia level of the target world). The problem is that there's no good way to land on a world without being spotted coming in, which in turn probably either means you land illegally (with an excellent chance of being shot down) or you try and infiltrate through the port (in which case you're going to have to sneak through customs, which probably means you can't have any weapons that aren't legal in the local area, and there's a significant chance that someone will notice something's wrong and get you all arrested).

As another point: there's no such thing as a beachhead with Traveller weapons ranges. The point of a beachhead is to create an area where ships can land that's outside of the range of most shore-based weaponry, and Traveller weaponry has enough range that you can't create a beachhead that big.
 
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