Originally posted by Starbound:
The quick tell me who invented the "Jihad" and why?
The "Muslim people" or where they instrumentalised by a german diplomat?
Why was it done? Then perhaps, as you pointed out earlier, there is no such thing as the "muslimic" People, since there were several different sects within this religion. Por ejemplo: the sunnis and shiite.
The "Crusades", well easy as it is and not mythic look at the history regarding the first crusade:
You wouldn't describe the "seldschukish Turks" a myth, or would you? Then i had to ask you what are you a student of? History, or perhaps even Theology...
Jyhad = "Struggle" in arabic. Arabic has had surprisingly low linguistic drift.
Holy War, originator of: that distinction is lost in the sands of time.
Jihad as Holy War rather than Internal Struggle: Islam says it is the one true expression of god's plan, and all others are corruptions of Gods message. Many muslims think this means they need to take and convert the whole of the world, or even the universe, to Islam. Some take this a step further, and believe the call to struggle means to struggle violently, a connotation of jyhad which dates back to the struggles of Mohammed against the non-believers in his own life. Some say Mohammed himself encouraged violent acts to encourage conversion. It is the belief that Corrupt Faith must be eliminated by struggle, and that allowing it to continue is to allow it to win; therefore it must be eliminated by any means. All monotheistic religions at some point will trigger this response; that the founder of Islam took this approach makes it more palatable than in many other monotheistic religions. Add in mob mentality, and some hideous things can occur.
Muslims: Some muslims will probably still be shooting people 5000 years from now in the name of their god. Still others will decry them as traitors to the faith.
Judaism is 5000 years old; it may not be recognizable to the jews of 5000 years ago, but it still is a direct descendant. It is likely to continue another 5000. IMTU, Hasids can be seen in their black suits and black hats on several worlds in the Solomani rim, being as seclusionist as they can be now.
Crusades: social control instituted to reduce the "third son problem" by "reclaiming the holy land from the turks." In short, civil leaders sent off sons on a "religious war" in order to keep said sons from having families and splitting their father's lands.
Islamic Peoples: There are the ethnic arabs; the vast majority are now islamic, the rest tend toward catholocism. There are the moors: Black African muslims in spain. There are african muslims. There are three religious groups which can honestly claim persons of nearly every phenotypic group: Catholocism, Islam and Buddhism. All three believe their core belief applies universally, all three believe in active recruitment, all three have a core belief system which is not incompatible with strong religious-dominated governance. Two of the three believe their belief is incompatible with the other two; Buddhists don't claim sole reach to god, but technically don't deal with god either.
Islamic Sects: Big Name - Shiite and Suni (one traces authority to the son of Mohammed, the other to Mohammed's primary assistant), Sufi (Esoteric and pacifist sect, tends to ignore the biography of Mohammed, and thus the prediliction to violent jihad; Dervishes a subsect of Sufi), Nation of Islam (American additional revelation sect). There are dozens of other islamic sects, with various additional bits. Figure that the Suni and Shiite will have splintered further by the time of Traveller, so the question becomes "Which form of Shiite" or "Which form of Suni". Sufi would tend not to ask past, "Care to join our prayers to Allah?"
It is interesting to note that some Muslim scholars have said that Muslims on the moon will face when praying towards the spot the first muslim sets foot at. Same for other worlds. Lesser hajj to that point. Hajj to Mecca when possible. Why they put this forward, i don't know, but I suppose it was to provide information to gamers and science fiction authors, and to have a protocol just in case.
Oh, and the Late Pope John Paul II said in correspondence to Father John Fearon, O.P., "To be Catholic, one must only be a reasoning intelligent being, capable of understanding the sacraments. Why do you ask?" He asked about non humans due to a question elicited by a traveller game I ran... an Aslan discovered Terran Religion. We asked Fr. John, he didn't know, so he asked.
Figure all three of them will engender further split-offs in the next 5000 years; other forms of christianity, of the various types, will also probably survive and branch off. There is little doubt that Catholic, Islamic, and Buddhist religions will find expressions amongst other intelligent races. Envision, if you can, a Sufi Virush going on Hajj...
I've used the Hajj as an element of traveller games set in the Solomani Rim. In once game, it was the excuse for the journey from the marches: A wealthy muslim in the marches charters a ship to earth and back, to make the Hajj.
Similarly, Off-earth christians and jews will likely make pilgrimages to Earth.
Religion is a touchy subject in gaming; to be honest, it is often better ignored in science fiction. If you choose to include it, treat it respectfully, and tactfully, and it can be a rewarding tool.