IMTU The Army is the Anvil that stomps All!
In my Traveller universe the Army is who you call when you want to get the enemies attention by marching down that wide avenue which leads to his capitol building; in his relatively intact Capitol City
The marines are fast response commando level assault forces, rarely seen in forces larger than a company or Light Battalion in anything smaller than a true interstellar war. Even the few Regiments only have the organic artillery batteries from the battalions. The only regimental asset is a small Ortillery Squadron and a Close-Support fighter Squadron. Marines assauly by drop capsule to make attacks on the planetary based fire control bases for Mason Guns and ADA missle artillery. Then follow up forces land by Grav APC ,supported by organic elements. If the planet has a moon in orbit this will have to be captured or subdued first. Also If there is a large High Port or naval base this will have to be taken.
As a note: the Battle Rider Squadron in the "Spinward Marches Campaign" only carried a total of 667 Marines. This is just a battalion and if only 10 % are left behind as ships troops that leaves deployable 600 marines.
Remember at TL-12(CT) or above there will be fireteam based weapons capable of taking out Battledress equipped troops. To successfully conduct Commando assaults numbers normally should be no worse than even. Even with a TL differential that could mean up to 50% casualities in the assault force, even if successful. This unit is not going to be following up with much else until brought up to stregnth.
Enter the Army's first strike force the Regimental Combat Team. Regt HqRecon and Armor Troops, and medical, service and support units; 3 Battalion combat teams: Btn Hq, Recon Platoon, Service and Support, 3 Line companies(Mech Inf, Lt.(Zero G) inf, Armored Cavalry, or Armor; Artillery Battery, Engineer Company. Then Regimental Engineer Company, and Heavy Artillery Battalion.
IMTU there is an Infantry (Mech and Lt.), Armored Cavalry, and Armored RCT for each Sector. Combined they can serve as an ad Hoc Division. These units have dedicated transport under contract.
Add An Imperial Army Division per Subsector, TL-14-15, this gives 10 Divisions for the Spinward Marches, 2 Corps of 3 Divisions and one of 4. In other words a Field Army.
In the Spinward Marches there are 12 worlds with populations of a Billion or better. and TL's of 12 or Better with at least 3; Mora, Trin and Rhylanor of TL-15 If each world contributed a Corp sized combined arms force this gives a field army of TL 15 troops and 3 more of TL-13 average., not too shabby. This gives a total of 6 field Armies of tL 13+.
In interstellar War, First points of war-- Obtain foreward bases---Destroy the enemy Fleet---Isolate his high tech high pop worlds--- Take those worlds by siege and invasion. To complete the latter, then you need an army to go in and dig out the oppisition. Marines can hit, but just don't have staying power much past a week to ten days, the Army hits the ground ready to go for at least 30 days, on the initial load out. Everything else come in 30 day increments.
Just my own opinions and observations.
Butch